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ActionScript:
ActionScript is the scripting language of Flash which is derived from ECMA, a European Standard version of JavaScript. ActionScript is a simplified version of ECMA with some additional shortcuts.
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line:
ADSL is one kind of Digital Subscriber Line transport systems and can carry as much as 6 Mb/s over a copper line. ADSL thus makes broadband available over copper phone lines.
AHG - Ad Hoc Group (MPEG):
A group of people established to address a specific topic.
AIFF - Audio Interchange File Format:
A sound and video file format developed for the Apple Macintosh platform. Browser plug-ins are available to play files in this format.
Anchor:
An anchor in a markup language is a technical term for what is popularly known as a "link" between web documents, or between locations within the same document (in which case it is identified by a fragment identifier).
ANSI - American National Standards Institute:
An organization that defines standards in the information technology industry and participates in defining network protocol standards. ANSI is a member of ISO. The ANSI characters are characters that when preceded with the ESC (Escape) character they function as a command. ANSI escape sequences are used to send commands to monitors or keyboards.
Archive:
A collection of stored files not often used, but nevertheless available. In practice there is no difference between files of current web sites and those in the archive. Both are equally accessible.
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol :
This protocol is broadcast from an internet server and all TCP/IP devices on the local network can hear it. When the machine with the appropriate IP address hears it, it responds to the ARP request. Each hardware card (i.e. each NIC, Network Interface Card) has a unique hardware address. It is also possible to assign a software address to the card (which would be an IP address). Hardware address information is obtained from the ARP. Each host has an ARP table that contains software (IP) addresses mapping to hardware (NIC) addresses. ARP looks for a hardware address for a given IP address (the opposite of RARP).
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode :
This is a method used for high bandwidth data transfer, made possible by hardware switches that create a temporary direct path between two points. This ATM is not to be confused with the Automatic banking machines encountered in shopping malls.
Attribute - Markup language:
An attribute is a markup command used together with SGML elements that allow more control over the element. In HTML 4 there are more than 120 attributes. Attribute specify characteristics of specific elements and cannot be used with any element. DTDs specify which attributes can be used with which elements.
AU:
AU is a sound file format developed by Sun for the Unix platform for use on The Internet. It is known as the Sparc-audio or u-law format.
Author / web author:
A web author is a person who writes the markup (HTML) for web documents. Note that a distinction should be made between a Web Author (who writes the HTML markup code), the Web Graphics Designer (who designs a web page artistically), a Web Designer (who designs the information and information technology of the website; this term is also popularly used for the person responsible for all the authoring aspects mentioned here) and a Web Copy Writer (who writes the text of the document. In some cases these functions may be performed by the same individual, but they are different functions demanding different skills.
Authoring Tool:
An Authoring Tool is a program that enables a multimedia author to create a multimedia product. Authoring tools typically write many of the functions without the developer having to know the technicalities of programming in a programming language. In its simplest form, an HTML Authoring Tool, for example, automatically completes end tags. A Multimedia tool may simplify ways in which objects are placed on a timeline.
AVI - Audio Video Interleafed :
A sound and video file format developed for the Microsoft Windows platform. It is based on the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) specification. A special player is required to play these files.
Bitmap graphic:
Also see Raster. A bitmap graphic is a pixel-based model for displaying images on display units such as computer and TV screens. A bitmap graphic contains data about the color and coordinates of each pixel that needs to be triggered on the computer screen. Strictly speaking bitmap graphics are not bitmaps, but pixelmaps.
Bitmaps on computer screens
Bitmap graphic files are typically huge, so for better computer network transport they are compressed. The most typical bitmap compression methods on the Web are GIF, JPEG and PNG. Another method for displaying images on computer screens is vector graphics.
BOM - Byte Order Mark:
BOM is used with UTF-16 characters to avoid confusion with UTF-8 characters.
BPS - Bits per second :
Bits per second refers to the number of bits transferred per a second through a medium. This unit of measurement is used to determine the bandwidth of the medium.
Bridge:
Bridge is a network related term. A bridge operates on the Data Layer of the OSI model. A bridge keeps a record of each connected network segment. Bridges can be used for different protocols and serve as a filtering mechanism. Because the filter of a bridge can be configured to allow or disallow certain types of information, it forwards or stops frames for pre-determined network segments.
Browser:
A browser is a software program that interprets markup documents (such as HTML) and renders them visually on computer screens. At present the most common way to access The Internet is by means of a visual browser. With the advent of other media devices a browser is merely one of the ways used for accessing The Internet. As The Internet can be accessed by means of other media, such as audio, and in future smelling and touching, it is technically more correct to rather speak of a User Agent than of a browser. There are many browsers other than Netscape or Internet Explorer available for PCs, and there are "browsers", i.e user agents, for other types of visual devices, such as handheld devices, projection screens and others. A parser (which is a part of a browser) investigates the elements and their relationships and determines the structure of the document. This is done on the bases of marked document objects. The parser then passes that information along to a rendering engine which manipulates the content, typically using associated style sheets to determine how the content is to be rendered. The most typical manipulation is to display the content graphically on a computer screen, but it could also be manipulated to be rendered on other types of devices, such as speech synthesizers or tactile devices (eg Braille devices).
Cast:
In Film and TV "cast " is used for the actors and extras. In Macromedia Director "cast" includes all the objects (i.e. text, graphics, sound, video, or Lingo scripting behaviors) used in a production. An object needs to be identified as a cast member before it can be used. In terms of function the Director cast is similar to the Flash symbol library.
CGI - Common Gateway Interface :
CGI is a method allowing data from client computing devices to pass into a server for processing. CGI is typically used for capturing data sent with web forms to servers.
Character Set :
There are tens of thousands of characters used in human writing systems. Unicode lists about 40'000 of these characters. On 8-bit PCs only 128 characters can be mapped to machine code, definitely not enough to handle all these characters. The Unicode characters are divided into sets of characters. A PC needs to be set up to use a particular set. Documents that are distributed over the internet need to specify in which character set they are written so that devices that receive them can render them correctly by first adapting to the specified character set.
Client :
A client is a device that receives data or programs from a server. This device may be a different computer, or a 'virtual' computer inside a physical computer.
Codec:
Communications engineering - Acronym for coder/decoder In communications engineering Codec refers to the analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion functions that are built into in a single chip.
Video compression
Acronym for compression/decompression in video compression Codec refers to a software algorithm that eliminates redundancies in data. It throws away bytes according to the criteria of the different available codec systems and thus result in smaller file sizes.
Content type :
Content type is a technical term (following RFC2045 and RFC2046) used for describing the content of a web document so that a user agent can handle the content properly. Web documents can be sent via different protocols such as HTTP or email (SMTP). In the Web environment the term Mime type is used
CSS - Cascading Style Sheet :
CSS is a style sheet language based on DSSSL conventions. The function of CSS on the Web is to describe the appearance of visual documents, or the manner in which a speech synthesizer should render them. A markup language (such as HTML, or an XML-based language) marks the logical structure of document content, while CSS describes what the document should look (or sound) like.
DNS - Domain Name System :
The domain name is a human language name for a website at which web documents are kept. The domain name is the human friendly website address. This human fridnely name (such as daisy), is mapped to an IP address (such as 149.98.45.241) -- computers do not directly work with names, but with numbers. When a web user types in an address such as www.daisy.com, a nameserver looks up the IP address (in numbers) and sends the requests there. DNS's are very important in the internet environment. A web address typically consists of a domain name that needs to be resolved to an IP address (i.e. the numerical address, such as 215.145.09.189). The server IP and domain does not necessarily have to be linked to a unique physical machine -- the mapping may be to a unique virtual machine, which means that many different domain names and IP addresses may reside on the same physical server machine.
Email :
Email is short for electronic mail. Correspondence can be sent as electronic documents along networks just like paper correspondence is sent with postal services. Email messages use a different network protocol (SMTP) than HTML documents (HTTP), which is why email is not typically sent from a browser, but from an email program such as Netscape Messenger or MS Outlook. It is possible to port the SMTP message to HTML so that a web browser can be used for viewing email.
File:
A file is the storage unit of a digital document. Files are typically stored with file extensions (such as *.html for HTML files, or *.JPEG for JPEG files) that are linked to the programs that can interpret the digital data of the document. A digital document typically consists of a set of files. For example, a web document typically consists of a base HTML file. Associated with this file there may be any number of graphic files (for images), style files, script files, etc. All http compliant files can be accessed from a browser as local files from a client computer.
.fla - A Flash file extension
The .fla file extension is used for the basic Flash document file, used in the development context. After its development, a Flash document needs to be "published" to the Web. It then gets a .swf extension which can be played with a Flash player.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol:
FTP is a protocol for transferring files between systems, i.e. different computers in a network. The function of FTP is thus very similar to copying files between different disks on a PC. The difference is that the files are transported via a network to a different computer, and not between, say, a hard drive and a stiffy. FTP uses connection-oriented TCP, thus better than TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), which is quicker than FTP. But with TFTP you have to wait until the entire file is downloaded before you may discover that there were bad frames and have to start downloading again. FTP checks the frames while they are downloading. umgerechnet.
Gateway:
A device interfacing networks that use different protocols. It thus translates between the different protocols. When the definition of Gateway is strict, it translates only between different high-level architectures, such as, say, between TCP/IP and IBM's SNA. When the definition is more loose, it translates between lower-level network types, say between Ethernet and Token Ring. In a manner of speaking the function of a router and gateway is similar: they both act as interfacing translators in a network. Gateways are more general than routers as they translate between most (if not all) protocol layers of the OSI model. Also see bridge.
GIF - Graphic Interchange Format :
GIF is a bitmap method of compressing images, originally developed for quicker transport of images on The Internet, as file sizes of other graphic formats were too large. GIF87 is the basic compression scheme, while the later GIF89a supports transparency and animation.
Home Page :
A Home Page is the first web page that is accessed when a domain name is requested. This page contains links to other pages at the site and is technically known as the hub document. Technically there is absolutely no difference at all between a Home Page, Portal, Hub Document, Front Page, Main Page, First Page, Default Page or whatever other term you may have come across. They are just marketing names to sell the same thing.
HTML - HyperText Markup Language :
HTML is a subset of SGML and was conceptualized by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. HTML 0.0 was released by him in 1990. The success of the World Wide Web is partially due to the simplicity of HTML, the markup language used for marking documents to be distributed through the Internet. HTML files take the extension html, but as DOS-based computers could only take 3-character extensions, it is often written as htm. HTML is a structural language that serves as a container for document objects. It is like a mammal skeleton. HTML itself cannot do anything -- for that you need a program. And HTML should not be used for the appearance of a document (for which you should rather use a style sheet). From a purist persepctive, the only thing that HTML does is to mark items and locations in a document with markers (called tags). User agents (such as browsers) interpret these markers and deliver the structure of the document in specified ways. For example, if an item is marked as a Paragraph (in HTML

), a visual user agent will display its content according to the conventions of paragraph display.

HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTP is based on 8-bit transmission and the RFC 822 character set. HTTP 0.9 was released in 1992, while HTTP 1.1 became a formal standard in 2001. HTTP is the protocol used for transporting web documents over internet lines. Some of the kinds of files that are handled by this protocol are HTML files, graphic files, sound files, animation sequence files, script files.
https - HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure:
This protocol is the same as HTTP, except that it has security features built in, usually some kind of encryption scheme. Users need keys to start the secure level, otherwise files cannot be accessed.
IP - Internet Protocol :
IP is defined by RFC791 and RFC1349. IP provides a datagram service between hosts on a TCP/IP network - IP thus runs "on top of" TCP. It routes the packets of data that are transmitted to the correct host. IP also takes apart datagrams and puts them back together again. The IP (i.e. IPv4) address of a device is a hierarchical and numerical 32-bit address such as 123.143.221.225 (with numbers ranging from 0-255 in each block). IPv6 is a 128-bit system, permitting many more IP addresses than IPv4. Older server architecture allowed only one IP address per box, which meant that you needed a different server for each IP address. Soon "virtual boxes" aliasing was possible allowing more than one IP address to be on the smae box, and allowing each such IP to alias to a different domain name.
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network :
ISDN is a digital communications standard that works over analog phone lines. ISDN is a point-to-point communication system. Technically ISDN has a B and D channel. A B Channel (bearer channel) carries voice and data at 64Kb/s, while the D Channel (data channel) handles signaling at 16Kb/s or 64Kb/s, depending on the service type. The K for "kilo" in ISDN terminology may be confusing to people from the IT environment. This K literally means 1000 (i.e. 103), while the K in IT means 1'024 (i.e. 210).
ISO - International Standards Organization :
The ISO is an international body that certifies standards ranging from visual signs (such as the i-sign for information, seen at places such as airports and information kiosks) to language characters (such as proposed by ANSI and ASCII ). SGML standards are also decided by the ISO since it became a standard in 1986. HTML is a subclass of SGML, and complies in that respect to ISO standards, but HTML itself is not an ISO standard.
ISP - Internet Service Provider :
An ISP provides users access to the Internet. This access is possible through dial-up connections such as through analogue or ISDN modems. Access is also possible through many other means, such as diginet lines, ADSL, microwaves, radiowaves, etc.
Java:
Java is an object-oriented programming language released by Sun in 1992. Java is similar to C++ but was introduced due to some problems experienced with C++ such as memory leaks and multiple inheritance. Java is both compiled and interpreted, and architecture neutral. It can thus run on a very wide range of devices with minimum effort. Java is further portable and multithreaded (many things can happen simultaneously).
JavaScript :
JavaScript is a scripting language originally developed by Netscape in 1995 for Netscape 2.0. It was originally called LiveScript, but renamed JavaScript as it was viewed to be complementing Java. JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language that is typically executed by the browser (i.e. on the client-side). However, there is also server-side JavaScript which is executed on the server. JavaScript 1. 0 has become a standard, known as ECMAScript.
JPEG / JPG - Joint Photographic Experts Group :
Pronounced jay-peg. JPEG is a bitmap compression format for images. The proper abbreviation is JPEG, but DOS-based computers could only take a 3-character extension, so you will often see the shortened version: JPG. JPEG is based on a 24-bit color palette, but it is lossy, which means that it drops information that is compressed out. Compression ratios may range from 10:1 to 20:1 and most graphic application programs (such as Adobe Photoshop) allow you to choose the compression rate. Obviously, the more compressed, the more data is lost, but the less compressed the larger the files size of the image. It takes considerable experience and skill to play around with different modes and pallettes as well as compression ratios to get a good quality result with a relatively small JPEG file size. JPEG is typically used for complex images and photographs. It supports 16.7 million colors.
Keyframe:
A keyframe is a special kind of frame that contains info about changes in the properties of an object. For example, animated movement may proceed from a starting point to an end point through time. Each of these points would be a keyframe as their respective frames indicate where the animation begins and ends through time.
Layer:
In CSS objects can be displayed on top of one another and described as such along the z-axis. In design programs, such as Adobe Photoshop and Macromedia Flash, objects (visual or audio) can be placed in separate layers to facilitate the design process. For example, it is easier to manage the design of a complex image if its components can be separated into different layers.
Link:
Link is the short form for "hyperlink". A link "links" documents, or document fragments to one another. When a user activates a link, the document changes to the position indicated by the link. In web pages links were originally underlined to indicate the link. With style sheets a textual link can take on any design features. Images and other objects can also be used as links.
mailto - email (electronic mail) :
The mailto method is used to activate "send email" from a web page. This method starts the email program on the client. Originally email was handled by special programs that were totally separate from web browsers, but later versions of web browsers could handle email to such an integrated degree that users are not even aware that they are busy with a different service.
Media type :
Content stored in electronic format can be delivered on many different types of devices. The following media are presently recognized as valid delivery systems on an internet. This list may be expanded in future versions: Screen, tty, tv, projection, handheld, print, braille, aural, all. See MIME and Content type.
Movie:
When the film industry began images could "move" and the term moving pictures, shortened to movies, began to be used. In Macromedia Flash and Director a movie is a multimedia application for the Web that may contain graphics, text, sound and video. A Flash movie also contains some level of user interactivity. The basis of a Flash movie is vector graphics, but it can contain bitmaps and other media such as sound and video.
MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group :
MPEG consists of a group of international experts that write ISO standards for moving images. There are several MPEG standards (see below).
MPEG-1 :
MPEG-1 is used for digital video at low compression rate. It allows for image compression for up to 1.5 megabits per second. MPEG-1 is the standard on which Video CD and MP3 are based. Compressed video to be used on the Web in its present status would rely on MPEG-1.
MPEG-2 :
MPEG-2 is used for digital video at low compression rate. It allows for image compression for up to 10 megabits per second. MPEG-3 is the standard on which such products as Digital Television set top boxes and DVD are based.
MPEG-3 :
MPEG-3 is used for digital video at low compression rate. It allows for image compression for up to 40 megabits per second. In practice this is hardly implemented as MPEG-2 is sufficient for most cases.
MPEG-4 :
MPEG-4 is used for integrated multimedia and a compression standard for long audio or video files with limited digital storage media (DSM) or low bandwidth availablity. MPEG-4 is the standard for multimedia for the fixed and mobile web.
MPEG-7 - Multimedia Content Description Interface:
MPEG-7 is an XML-based standard for the inclusion of metadata in multimedia products. It makes possible interactive TV and faciltates the managing of multimedia stock. It is the standard for description and search of audio and visual content.
MPEG-21 :
Multimedia Framework. The purpose of MPEG-21 is to build an infrastructure for the delivery and consumption of multimedia content.
MP3:
MP3 is a sound compression format based on MPEG-1, Layer 3, which is the audio compression format used in the MPEG-1 algorithm.
NTSC - National Televisions Standards Committee :
An analogue video standard used in the United States of America and Japan. The frame rate is 30 frames per second (fps). SECAM scans the cathode ray tube (CRT) horizontally 525 times to form the video image. Other standards are PAL and SECAM.
OSI - Open Systems Interconnection model :
Work began in 1977 by the ISO to simplify communication between different computer systems. This work resulted in the OSI which is a model specifying functions on a network. OSI does not specify how the functions are to be performed.
PAL - Phase Alternation Line:
an analogue video standard used in Western Europe and Great Britain, Africa, Australia, China, South America. The frame rate is 25 frames per second (fps). PAL scans the cathode ray tube (CRT) horizontally 625 times to form the video image. Other standards are NTSC and SECAM.
PICS - Platform Independent Content Selection :
PICS is an infrastructure for associating labels (metadata) with Internet content. These labels are used for code signing, privacy, and intellectual property rights management. PICS was originally designed to assist in the control of internet content -- to prevent children and sensitive users from stumbling upon unwanted sites.
Pixel - Picture Element :
A Picture Element (pixel) is a single addressable location on a computer screen, i.e. the smallest unit of display that can be controlled by software. Size:The actual size of a pixel is relative, depending on the quality of the screen, or how the screen is configured. A web author can therefore never be sure of the exact size or quality in which documents would be rendered. Color: Color can be assigned to a pixel, but the software color palette is translated into hardware according to manufacturer specifications, so the color of a pixel is also not absolute. sRGB is one attempt to standardize on the delivery of color.
PNG - Portable Network Graphics:
W3C recommendation on 1 October 1996. PNG is a bitmap compression method for image files. This format is recommended by the W3C to be used instead of GIF. PNG supports 16.7 million colors, it is lossless and also supports index color, grayscale, true color, and is streamable. It is thus the best compression method (better than GIF or JPEG) for use on the web.
PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol :
A driver used for accessing a network communications protocol over a phone line. PPP allows connection to the TCP/IP protocol which is the basic internet protocol. A dial-up user gets connected to The Internet via PPP.
QuickTime:
The Apple QuickTime format (in *.MOV files) is a digital video format used for transporting compressed video files through The Internet.
RFC - Request for Comment :
An RFC is a documents that states protocol standards, proposed changes, information bulletins about the internet. The name is somewhat of a misnomer in some cases as an RFC document often serves as the standard which is already being accepted as valid from a certain date until it is officially changed. An RFC may also be an explanation of an existing practice.
Rollover image :
A rollover image is used in the context of navigation where an image button, that serves as a link elsewhere, changes into a different image because of some or other associated pointer behaviour (e.g. mouse down).
Router:
A router functions like a traffic officer, directing the flow of data to targets. It receives a packet of data, reads the address, and passes it on to the next machine in the line. In the beginning of the internet routers were typically in a separate box so as to reduce the load on the web (i.e. HTTP) server. However, router software may reside on the HTTP server. A router operates at the network level of the OSI model. For each protocol there would be a different router as they are protocol dependent. However, routers do not bother about different network topologies and can therefore be used to pass data along different networks such as Ethernet and Token Ring. A router relates to a bridge and a gateway. A bridge allows any frame that is allowed to be passed on to a segment, while a router only allows addressed frames. A router is thus more intelligent than a bridge. However, routers work much harder than bridges, and therefore their throughput is much lower.
Scene - a segment of the entire movie :
In Flash a scene consists of a number events that the developer regards as constituting a sub-theme of the entire Flash movie. A Flash movie should be divided into scenes to facilitate the management of the project. Scenes thus segment the production into smaller more manageable parts.
Score:
In music the score contains the notes of a composition. It is a synonym for sheet music. In Macromedia Director the term score means timeline and used to indicate the position of objects within a time-based production.
SECAM - Sequential Couleur avec Memoire :
An analogue video standard used in France, Eastern Europe and previous USSR countries. The frame rate is 25 frames per second (fps). SECAM scans the cathode ray tube (CRT) horizontally 625 times to form the video image. Other standards are PAL and NTSC.
Server :
A server is computer software that "serves" documents or programs to another computer which requested them. In such instances the requesting computer is known as a "client". A server could also just be software that serves files to a client program on the same box. On the web the most used server is the HTTP server. Other types of servers are FTP, NNTP (for news), SMPT (for email) , etc.
SGML - Standard Generalized Markup Language :
ISO 8879 of 1986. SGML is an international standard for the transport of documents in a format independent of the device, system or application. The technical detail need not bother you as HTML author. But note that this standard is also constantly in the process of being revised. In 1993, for example, Korean Hangul characters have been added to the standard. Also, there is presently a restriction on the total of codepoints allowed in the document character set. This is also in the process of being revised. SGML is the granddaddy of HTML and XML. HTML is an application of SGML, while XML is a metalanguage based on SGML, used for creating XML applications.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transport Protocol :
This is the mail protocol used on The Internet. Email can be sent to a transport engine (i.e. a mail server) that stores and deliver mail. Only when a session is established by the agent (i.e. the user's mail program) is mail sent to the receiving agent. SMTP is defined by RFC821 and RFC1441. Message format is defined by RFC822, the Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages.
Sound:
The following sound file types are used for compressed sound files through The Internet: WAV, AU AIFF, MIDI.
SSL - Secure Sockets Layer :
A secure HTTP protocol, identified with https.
Streaming:
Multimedia files are typically large. A user does not want to wait until the entire file is received through an internet connection. Streaming makes possible that a file's content can be viewed before it is completely received. The data of the file is continuously sent from the server. While loading the user can begin viewing the streamed data. Special server software makes streaming possible.
.swf - A Flash file extension :
The .swf file extension is used for a Flash document that can be played with a Flash player. Before it is published, a Flash document, while it is being developed, has the extension .fla.
telnet :
This method is used for accessing a remote computer and use it as if it is the one right in front of you. The interface is text-based (on the command line), so you do not see the windows of the remote system.
TIFF - Tagged Image File Format :
TIFF is an image file format system used in graphic programs. TIFF is a compressed bitmap format.
Timeline:
Timebased media progress along as time passes. During the production of such media it is important for an editor to know where in this laps of time a particular instance of an object (visual or audio) is located. Production material is therefore mapped to some or other timeframe, which is visually presented as a line. The basis of the timeframe is usually real time in hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds.Macromedia Flash uses the term timeline in the above sense, while Macromedia Director uses the term score, which is quite misleading.
UCS - Universal Character Set :
Computers originated in the USA where English is the dominant language. Computers thus basically use a character set that is biased toward English (the ASCII character set). As computers became used in other cultures where other characters (such as ö, ë, ù, é in some European languages) are used, the basic set was extended to include these characters. This extended character set is known as ISO 8895. However, even this extended ASCII character set is not enough to cope with all the variety of characters found in the many different languages of the world. The UCS was formalized and contains thousands of characters used by communities all over the world (also see Unicode).
URL - Universal Resource Locator :
The URL is a subset of URI and is an identifier (an address) linked to each location available on the Web, such as a machine server, or software server. It has become customary to speak of URL's instead of URI's for web addresses.
User:
A User is a person who uses the internet, and typically requests an HTML document from a user agent (i.e. typically a browser). The most common user is presently a person who browses through the Web by means of a web browser. However, HTML documents can be rendered in different ways such as in the audio medium. The user then does not browse the Web, but listens to the document.
Vector Graphics :
Images decribed by vector graphics do not contain data for each pixel (as is the case for bitmap graphics), but data about certain standard image forms (such as lines, curves, gradients, animation, and filter effects). A straight line, for example, would be described by its start and end points, and the fact that it is a line. It should be evident that this line object contains much less data than a bitmap line (which needs to describe each pixel). Vector graphics are easily scaleable without losing any quality. SVG is a relatively new XML-based vector graphic format developed for the Web.
Video:
There are three different video formats for video files that are transported through The Internet: AVI, MOV and MPEG. Video is technically speaking a series of frames that pass by so quickly that our eyes are fooled into viewing content as smoothly moving images. For smooth observed movement we need about 25 frames to pass by our eyes every second. That means 25 bitmap images every second. The web is far too slow for that to be of any practical use. One way of reducing the number of frames is to take out some frames. Another way to reduce file size is to display the video in a small screen window.
WAF - Wireless Application Forum :
WAF was founded in 1995 by Unwired Planet and joined by Nokia, Ericsson, and Motorola to enable a pseudo web-experience for cell phones. The main components of its technology are WAP and WML.
WAV:
A wave file (*.WAV) is a compressed waveform file used for transporting sound files through The Internet. Waveform is a Microsoft Windows format, but such a file can be played back on other platforms (Such as Macs) with the necessary player software.
Web Address :
A web address may consist of a unique domain name or of a name that is part of a subdirectory of a domain name. Every Web Page has its unique Web Address, technically known as a URI. Example of a Domain Name web address: http://www.vish4.com
WWW - World Wide Web :
The World Wide Web was the name used by Time Berners-Lee for a project he envisaged in 1989 to make possible a universal document exchange by means of computer networks, particularly the Internet. The protocol he wrote for transporting documents is HTTP, and the Domain Name System uses WWW as the service name. Originally only text documents (saved as HTML files) were accessed with browsers that could receive and display WWW documents. Nowadays a browser seemlessly integrates other services (such as mail, graphics, animation, scripts, video and music), and devices other than PCs can be used to access web documents.
XML - Extensible Markup Language :
W3C Recommendation 10 February 1998. XML is a subset of SGML and is a metalanaguage providing the rules and conventions to be used to create other languages following these rules. These other languages are called XML-applications. There are thousands of XML-applications such as MathML (Mathematics Markup Language), CML (Chemical Markup Language), CDF, OSD, HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language), RDF (Resource Description Framework), MML (Music Markup Language) XML documents can be created with a text-editor just like HTML documents. XML, however, is much stricter with its rules. XML documents need to be well-formed (e.g. element names, i.e. tags, are case sensitive and must be ended, unlike HTML) and for data vailidity they also need to be valid (i.e. be associated with a DTD which contains definitions of and relationships between elements).
XSL - Extensible Stylesheet Language :
W3C Working Draft 21 Apr 1999. XSL is a style sheet language based on the principals of XML and more powerful than CSS. XSL consists of two main components: XSLT (which concerns the document tree) and formatting (which is based on CSS 2.0).
YUV - also known as YCC, or analog YUV, or YCbCr :
YUV is a color model that decomposes color in three components: Y: Luminance (or chrominance) U, Cb: Chroma channel, U axis, blue component V, Cr: Chroma channel, V axis, red component YUV is used in JPEG compression, as well as in the European TV standard, PAL.